ແຜ່ນອາລູມິນຽມ 1060: Purity, Temper and Fabrication Guide

Aluminium plate 1060 is a commercially pure aluminium product with a minimum aluminium content of 99.60 ເປີເຊັນ. It sits at the low-strength, high-conductivity end of the wrought aluminium family: ອ່ອນ, highly formable, an excellent conductor, and highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, but with a yield strength low enough that it is never chosen to carry structural load. It is chosen for conductivity, reflectivity, ຮູບແບບ, and appearance.

The grade appears in electrical busbar enclosures and heat sinks, signage and nameplates, reflector panels, chemical process equipment linings, architectural cladding, ກະດານຕົກແຕ່ງ, deep-drawn parts, and thermal insulation jacketing. In each of these uses the buyer wants a metal that is easy to form, does not rust, and presents a clean surface. That is exactly what 1060 delivers, provided the temper and the thickness tolerance are specified correctly.

The photographs below show a mill finish 1060 plate on a stack with protective interleaving, and plate stock stored on timber bearers in a warehouse. The surface is bright and uniform, which is the visual signature of a pure grade rather than an alloy with visible second-phase particles.

1. ແມ່ນຫຍັງ 1060 Is and Where It Is Used

ໄດ້ 1060 designation belongs to the 1000 ຊຸດ, the unalloyed or commercially pure family. The number encodes the purity: 1050 is 99.50 ເປີເຊັນ, 1060 is 99.60 ເປີເຊັນ, 1070 is 99.70 ເປີເຊັນ. The balance is iron and silicon, with trace amounts of copper, ມັງ​ກາ​ນີສ, ແມກນີຊຽມ, zinc and titanium. Because there is no deliberate alloying addition, there is no precipitation hardening, and the only strengthening mechanism available is cold work.

That single fact explains the whole product. 1060 cannot be heat treated. It can only be annealed to the soft O temper or cold rolled to a harder H temper. ກ 1060 plate ordered as H18 is strong for a pure grade but has very little elongation left, so it will crack if bent sharply. ກ 1060 plate ordered as O is soft, formable, and almost useless as a structural member but ideal for deep drawing and spinning.

Typical applications break down into four groups. Electrical and thermal: busbar housings, heat sink bases, shielding cans, transformer components. Architectural and decorative: cladding panels, ceiling panels, column casings, ປ້າຍ, anodised nameplates. Chemical and food: tank linings, trays, ຕົກ, processing equipment where the surface must be non-toxic and corrosion resistant. Formed products: deep-drawn containers, spun reflectors, lamp housings, ເຄື່ອງປຸງອາຫານ.

2. ອົງປະກອບທາງເຄມີ

ໄດ້ 1060 specification limits the impurities tightly so that conductivity and corrosion resistance remain high. Iron and silicon are the dominant impurities, and both reduce conductivity. ທອງແດງ, ມັງ​ກາ​ນີສ, magnesium and zinc are limited to a few hundredths of a percent, and titanium is limited because it affects grain structure during casting.

ອົງປະກອບ	1060 (%)	1050 (%)	1070 (%)	1100 (%)
ອາລູມີນຽມ, ນາທີ	99.60	99.50	99.70	99.00
ຊິລິໂຄນ	0.25 ສູງສຸດ	0.25 ສູງສຸດ	0.20 ສູງສຸດ	1.00 ສູງສຸດ
ທາດເຫຼັກ	0.35 ສູງສຸດ	0.40 ສູງສຸດ	0.25 ສູງສຸດ	1.00 ສູງສຸດ
ທອງແດງ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ	0.04 ສູງສຸດ	0.05 ກັບ 0.20
ມັງ​ກາ​ນີສ	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ
ແມກນີຊຽມ	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	0.10 ສູງສຸດ
ສັງກະສີ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ	0.05 ສູງສຸດ	0.04 ສູງສຸດ	0.10 ສູງສຸດ
Titanium	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	0.03 ສູງສຸດ	not specified
ການນໍາໃຊ້ປົກກະຕິ	ໄຟຟ້າ, cladding, ກອບເປັນຈໍານວນ	General sheet work	Reflectors, high purity	ຈຸດປະສົງທົ່ວໄປ, ເຂັ້ມແຂງຂຶ້ນ

The difference between 1060 ແລະ 1100 matters more than the table suggests. 1100 carries up to 1 percent silicon plus iron and a little copper, which raises strength and lowers conductivity. A customer who needs 1060 for conductivity should not accept 1100 as a “close enough” substitute, because the conductivity difference is measurable and the certificate will show it.

3. Tempers and Mechanical Properties

ອາລູມີນຽມ 1060 is supplied in O (ຕົ້ມແລ້ວ), H14, H24, H18 and sometimes H112 tempers. The H designation means work hardened, the number means the amount of cold work and the subsequent treatment: H14 is quarter hard, H24 is quarter hard and partially annealed, H18 is full hard. The mechanical values vary by temper and by thickness, and the mill certificate is the governing document.

ອາລົມ	ຄວາມແຮງ tensile (MPa)	ຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງຂອງຜົນຜະລິດ (MPa)	ການຍືດຕົວ (%)	ຮູບແບບ
ອ (ຕົ້ມແລ້ວ)	70 ກັບ 110	25 ກັບ 45	25 ກັບ 40	Best; deep drawing and spinning
H14 (quarter hard)	100 ກັບ 145	75 ກັບ 110	10 ກັບ 18	ດີ; bending and moderate forming
H24 (quarter hard, stabilised)	100 ກັບ 145	70 ກັບ 105	10 ກັບ 16	ດີ; architectural panels
H18 (ແຂງເຕັມທີ່)	140 ກັບ 175	120 ກັບ 150	4 ກັບ 8	Limited; straight sections only
H112 (hot worked)	70 ກັບ 110	30 ກັບ 50	18 ກັບ 30	ປານກາງ; ແຜ່ນຫນາ

Electrical conductivity follows purity and temper. 1060 in the O temper reaches about 61 ກັບ 62 percent of the International Annealed Copper Standard, while a work hardened temper is a little lower. The exact figure depends on the impurity level, and it is measured on the finished part, not assumed from the grade.

Thermal conductivity is about 230 watts per metre kelvin in the annealed condition, which is why 1060 is used for heat sink bases and for thermal spreading plates. Specific heat is about 900 joules per kilogram kelvin, melting range is approximately 646 ກັບ 657 degrees Celsius, and the density is about 2.71 grams per cubic centimetre.

4. ຄວາມຫນາ, Width and Tolerance

1060 is produced as sheet from about 0.3 mm ເຖິງ 4.0 mm and as plate from 4.0 mm ເຖິງ 150 ມມ, hot rolled or cold rolled depending on thickness. The tolerance regime differs between cold rolled sheet, which is held to a tight thickness band, and hot rolled plate, which carries a heavier allowance and often a machined surface for critical work.

ພາລາມິເຕີ	Typical value	Comment
ຄວາມຫນາ, ມ້ວນເຢັນ	0.3 ກັບ 4.0 ມມ	Tolerance plus or minus 0.08 ກັບ 0.15 mm depending on gauge
ຄວາມຫນາ, hot rolled plate	4.0 ກັບ 150 ມມ	Tolerance plus or minus 0.3 ກັບ 1.5 ມມ; machined on request
ກວ້າງ	1000 ກັບ 2000 ມມ	Plus 3 / minus 0 for slit coil; plus 5 / minus 0 for plate
ຄວາມຍາວ	2000 ກັບ 6000 ມມ	Plus 10 / minus 0; state whether saw cut or shear cut
ແປ	3 ກັບ 6 mm per metre	Tighter flatness requires levelling or machining
ສະພາບຂອບ	ຕັດ, sawn, mill edge	Sheared edge has a small burr; specify deburring for handling
ດ້ານ	ໂຮງງານສໍາເລັດຮູບ, rolled, ແປງ, anodised	Mill finish may show rolling lines and slight colour variation
Interleaving	paper or film between sheets	Prevents abrasion and water staining in transit

The thickness tolerance is the single most common source of disagreement on a 1060 order. A sheet ordered at 1.0 mm may measure 0.92 mm at one point and 1.03 mm at another, and both are within specification. A buyer who measures with a micrometer at one point and rejects the delivery is usually measuring a legitimate product. Agree the gauge, the measurement points and the acceptance criterion before the order is placed.

5. How 1060 Is Made and Formed

The process starts with electrolytic aluminium of at least 99.7 percent purity, melted and cast into slabs or continuously cast into strip. Slabs are hot rolled to plate or to coil, then cold rolled to sheet, annealed to the required temper, ແລະສໍາເລັດ. Continuous casting and rolling produces a fine, uniform grain structure and is the route for large volumes of thin sheet; direct chill casting followed by hot rolling is the route for thicker plate.

Annealing is the step that decides formability. A soft O temper requires a full anneal at around 340 ກັບ 400 degrees Celsius with a controlled cooling rate, which recrystallises the grain and removes the work hardening. An H temper stops short of recrystallisation and leaves the strain in the metal, which is why the temper number and the mechanical properties move together.

Deep drawing is the classic 1060 ຂະ​ບວນ​ການ. The sheet is blanked, then drawn into a die with a punch, and the metal flows rather than thins. Soft O temper with a fine grain is the correct input; full hard material will tear at the punch radius. Lubricant, die radius and draw speed all matter, and a trial with the actual die is worth more than a table of forming limits.

Bending follows a similar logic. For O temper, a minimum bend radius of about 1.5 ກັບ 2 times the thickness is achievable with a proper radiused die. For H14, the minimum rises to about 3 ເທົ່າຄວາມຫນາ, and for H18 to 4 ຫຼື 5 ເທື່ອ, with cracking likely below that. If a tight bend is required in a hard temper, the part should be bent before the final cold reduction, or locally annealed.

ການເຊື່ອມໂລຫະ 1060 is done with 4043 ຫຼື 1100 filler, using AC tungsten inert gas with argon, or with friction stir welding for high integrity joints. The weld zone in a pure grade loses strength and conductivity, and the heat-affected zone softens. For electrical parts, welding should be kept away from the current path or followed by a joint resistance check.

6. Selection Rules

ເລືອກ 1060 for conductivity, formability or appearance, not for strength. Its yield strength is a fraction of what 5052 ຫຼື 6061 delivers. ກ 1060 panel spanning a gap will deflect far more than a 5052 panel of the same thickness, and no amount of surface finish will fix that.

Consider 1100 when cost matters and conductivity is not critical. 1100 is slightly stronger and slightly cheaper, with conductivity a little lower. For a decorative panel or a general sheet metal part, 1100 is often the sensible grade. For a busbar or heat sink, stay with 1060.

Consider 3003 for corrosion resistance with some strength. 3003 is an aluminium-manganese alloy with about 40 percent more strength than 1060 and good corrosion resistance. It is the standard choice for sheet metal work that must hold a shape.

Consider 5052 for marine or pressure service. 5052 has far better fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance in salt water, and it is the grade for boat hulls, tanks and pressure vessels. 1060 in seawater is acceptable only as a static, non-loaded cladding, and even then it will pit if chlorides concentrate.

Anodising quality depends on purity. A pure grade anodises to a clear, bright film with good colour consistency. Alloying elements, particularly silicon and iron, produce a darker or greyer film. If the part will be anodised and colour matched, 1060 ຫຼື 1070 is the correct base, and the anodiser should confirm the alloy before processing.

Temper must match the forming operation. Ordering O temper for a part that will be stretched and then used as a panel leaves it too soft to hold shape; ordering H18 for a part that must be bent leaves it too hard to form. The temper is a process decision as much as a material decision.

7. Fabrication and Handling Practice

ການຕັດ 1060 is easy, which is part of its appeal. Guillotine shearing is fast and leaves a clean edge on thin sheet, but the blade clearance must be set for aluminium; too much clearance produces a ragged edge and a burr. Laser cutting works well up to about 6 ມມ, with nitrogen assist to avoid oxidation; plasma cutting is faster on thick plate but leaves a rougher edge and a heat-affected zone that must be removed before welding or anodising. Waterjet cutting leaves no heat-affected zone and is the right choice for thick plate that will be machined afterwards.

Forming tools should be clean and free from steel swarf. Aluminium is soft, and a single chip embedded in a die will score the surface on every stroke. Dedicated tooling for aluminium, with polished faces and a light drawing lubricant, produces a surface that needs no rework.

Surface preparation before anodising or painting is critical. A mill finish carries a rolling lubricant residue that must be removed with an alkaline cleaner, then rinsed and desmutted. A part that is anodised without proper cleaning will show patches, streaks and poor adhesion, and the defect will be blamed on the anodiser when it began in the press shop.

Storage is a genuine quality issue. Aluminium sheet stored in a humid warehouse develops white water stains that cannot be polished out, because the stain is a corrosion product that has eaten into the surface. Sheets should be stored flat on a dry bearer, with interleaving paper, away from direct contact with concrete floors and away from copper or steel parts that could cause galvanic staining. Outdoor storage is acceptable for a short period if the stack is covered and ventilated, but condensation under a plastic cover is worse than rain.

8. ຄວາມຜິດພາດທົ່ວໄປ

Using 1060 where strength is required. The grade is soft by design. Panels that must resist wind load, foot traffic or pressure belong in 3003, 5052 ຫຼື 6061.

Confusing 1060 ກັບ 1100. The two look identical and differ in conductivity and strength. Check the certificate, not the colour.

Bending full hard sheet without annealing. H18 has very little elongation, and a tight bend will crack at the outer radius. Bend in the soft temper or use a larger radius.

Measuring thickness at one point. Sheet thickness varies within the tolerance band. Agree the gauge and the measurement method before delivery.

Welding with the wrong filler. 4043 is the usual filler for 1060 and gives good crack resistance, but it lowers conductivity in the joint. For electrical parts, ໃຊ້ 1100 filler or a mechanical joint instead.

Anodising an alloy with visible iron or silicon. The film will be grey or streaked. If colour consistency matters, ລະບຸ 1070 and confirm the anodising process with the finisher.

Storing sheets in contact with the floor. Water stains are permanent. Use bearers and interleaving, and keep the stack dry.

Assuming 1060 is seawater resistant. It resists atmosphere well but pits in chloride service, particularly where water can stand. ໃຊ້ 5052 ຫຼື 5083 for marine work.

9. ຄໍາຖາມທີ່ຖາມເລື້ອຍໆ

Is 1060 pure aluminium? It is commercially pure, with a minimum of 99.60 percent aluminium. The balance is iron, silicon and trace elements, not deliberate alloying additions.

Can 1060 be heat treated? ບໍ່. It has no hardening alloy addition, so it can only be work hardened or annealed. Any claim that a 1060 part was precipitation hardened is wrong.

What temper should I order for deep drawing? ໂອ ອາລົມ, fully annealed, with a fine uniform grain. Hard tempers tear at the punch radius.

What temper for a flat architectural panel? H24 or H14, which holds shape and still allows slight forming. Full hard is unnecessary and more difficult to bend.

Is 1060 suitable for a busbar? ແມ່ນແລ້ວ, where the current and the required conductivity allow. The conductivity is high, but the mechanical strength is low, so the bar needs adequate cross section and support.

Can 1060 be welded to 5052? ແມ່ນແລ້ວ, ກັບ 4043 ຫຼື 5356 filler, but the joint will be a dissimilar strength zone. Design the joint so that the lower-strength side is not the governing section.

Why does my anodised 1060 look yellow? Iron and silicon impurities, or a film thickness that is too high. Check the alloy certificate and the anodising bath.

Does 1060 corrode outdoors? It forms a thin oxide film and performs well in rural and urban atmospheres. In coastal or chloride-rich air, staining and pitting appear, ແລະ ກ 5052 grade is the better choice.

What is the difference between 1060 sheet and 1060 ຈານ? Thickness and process, not grade. Sheet is cold rolled and thin; plate is hot rolled and thicker, with a different tolerance regime and often a different surface.

Can I get 1060 in a mirror finish? ແມ່ນແລ້ວ, by polishing or by bright anodising. The purity of the grade supports a high reflectivity, which is why it is used for reflectors and lamp housings.

Is 1060 food safe? Aluminium in contact with acidic or salty food can corrode and should not be used uncoated for direct food contact in those conditions. For dry handling and non-acidic service, it is widely used, and the final decision should follow the applicable food contact regulation.

ການອ່ານທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ: 1060 pure aluminium plate · 5052 H32 aluminium sheet · 6061 T6 aluminium plate